FAQ
Q: What is Titanium Alloy?
A: Titanium
alloy is an alloy composed of titanium added with other elements. Titanium has
two kinds of heterogeneous crystals: below 882 ℃ is a close-packed hexagonal
structure α titanium, above 882 ℃ is a body-centered cubic β titanium. The
world's annual output of titanium alloy processed materials has reached more
than 40,000 tons, and there are nearly 30 types of titanium alloys. The most
widely used titanium alloys are Ti-6Al-4V (TC4), Ti-5Al-2.5Sn (TA7) and
industrial pure titanium (TA1, TA2 and TA3). Titanium alloys are widely used in
various fields because of their high strength, good corrosion resistance, and
high heat resistance.
Q: Can you CNC Titanium Alloy?
A: 1. Small deformation
coefficient: This is a significant feature of titanium alloy cutting. The
deformation coefficient is less than or close to 1. The distance of the sliding
friction of the chips on the rake face is greatly increased, which accelerates
the tool wear.
2. High cutting
temperature: due to the low thermal conductivity of titanium alloy (only
equivalent to 1/5 ～ 1/7 of No. 45 steel), the contact length between the chip and the
rake face is extremely short, and the heat generated during cutting is not easy
to be transferred , Concentrated in the cutting area and a small range near the
cutting edge, the cutting temperature is very high. Under the same cutting
conditions, the cutting temperature can be more than doubled when cutting 45
steel.
3. The cutting force per unit area is large: the main cutting force is about 20% smaller than when cutting steel. Due to the extremely short contact length between the chip and the rake face, the cutting force per unit contact area is greatly increased, which is likely to cause chipping. At the same time, due to the small elastic modulus of the titanium alloy, it is easy to produce bending deformation under the action of radial force during processing, causing vibration, increasing tool wear and affecting the accuracy of parts. Therefore, the process system should have good rigidity.
Q: Is Titanium Alloy hard to cut?
A: 1. When
the hardness of the titanium alloy is greater than HB350, the cutting process
is particularly difficult, and when it is less than HB300, the knife sticking
phenomenon is easy to occur, and it is also difficult to cut. However, the
hardness of titanium alloy is only one aspect that is difficult to cut. The key
lies in the influence of the combination of chemical, physical, and mechanical
properties of titanium alloy on its machinability.
2. The tool is easy to wear: After the
blank is processed by stamping, forging, hot rolling and other methods, it
forms a hard and brittle uneven skin, which is easy to cause chipping, making
the removal of the hard skin the most difficult process in titanium alloy
processing. In addition, due to the strong chemical affinity of the titanium
alloy to the tool material, under the conditions of high cutting temperature
and large cutting force per unit area, the tool is prone to bond wear.
3. Chilling phenomenon
is serious: due to the high chemical activity of titanium, at high cutting
temperatures, it is easy to absorb oxygen and nitrogen in the air to form a
hard and brittle skin; at the same time, plastic deformation during cutting
will also cause surface hardening. Chilling not only reduces the fatigue
strength of parts, but also aggravates tool wear. It is an important feature
when cutting titanium alloys.
Q: What is the best way to
cut Titanium Alloy ?
A: 1. Due to
the small elastic modulus of titanium alloy, the clamping deformation and large
deformation of the workpiece during processing will reduce the machining
accuracy of the workpiece; the clamping force should not be too large when the
workpiece is installed, and auxiliary support can be added if necessary.
2. If a hydrogen-containing cutting fluid
is used, it will decompose and release hydrogen gas at high temperature during
the cutting process, which will be absorbed by titanium and cause hydrogen
embrittlement; it may also cause high-temperature stress corrosion cracking of
the titanium alloy.
3. Chloride in cutting fluid may also
decompose or volatilize toxic gases during use. Safety protection measures
should be taken during use, otherwise it should not be used; after cutting,
parts should be thoroughly cleaned with chlorine-free cleaning agent in time to
remove chlorine-containing residues .
4. It is prohibited to use tools or
fixtures made of lead or zinc-based alloys in contact with titanium alloys, and
the use of copper, tin, cadmium and their alloys is also prohibited.
5. All tools, fixtures or other devices that are in contact with the titanium alloy must be clean; the cleaned titanium alloy parts should be protected from grease or fingerprint contamination, otherwise it may cause stress corrosion of salts (sodium chloride) in the future.
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